Biofuels and hydrogen production: back to the Langmuir–Blodgett approach for large-scale structuration of Bi-based photoelectrodes

Abstract

In light of global warming and climate change, the sustainable production of biofuels and hydrogen for energy applications, notably transportation, is an urgent issue. Among the various compounds, Bi-based nanomaterials have gained considerable attention as photoelectrocatalysts for hydrogen production through water splitting or organic matter decomposition. However, despite their promising applications, the challenges associated with shaping and scaling-up these compounds remain unsolved. This perspective aims to describe and highlight a potentially promising approach based on Langmuir–Blodgett thin films, which could lead to efficient, stable, and scalable production of Bi-based nanostructured photoelectrodes.