Heterojunction catalysts for CO2–HCOOX interconversion cycles

Abstract

Conversion of CO₂ to formic acid and/or formates (HCOOX) is a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, HCOOX, as an excellent hydrogen storage material, can realize the safe storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Therefore, the design of efficient catalysts for the closed-loop interconversion of CO₂ and HCOOX is an important way to achieve dynamic carbon and energy cycling. A heterojunction catalyst as a kind of typical heterogeneous catalyst has the characteristics of convenient interface adjustment, a stable structure, and easy separation, which is preferred for practical uses. Intensive progress has been made in the exploration of heterojunction-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation and HCOOX decomposition reactions. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in heterojunction-type catalysts for CO₂–HCOOH interconversion under different driving forces, focusing on the design of electronic effects at the interface of heterojunction catalysts, as well as the role of heterojunction catalysts in different catalytic systems.