Application of nanozyme-based biosensors in pesticide residue detection: a review

Abstract

Today, one of the important topics related to the health of humans and animals is the effective detection and monitoring of pesticide residues in environmental, food, and agricultural samples. This is because these chemical residues undergo ongoing eco- and bio-accumulation and can cause a variety of cellular toxicities in living organisms. Biosensor platforms are being developed and improved to detect pesticide residues in various sample matrices. The latest biosensors used in this field are nanozyme-based biosensors that operate based on nanomaterials’ natural enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity, more commonly called nanozyme activity. In this review article, pesticides, their types, and their detection methods are first mentioned. Then, nanozymes, their classification, and their catalytic mechanisms are described. The last part also explains the use of nanozyme-based biosensors in detecting and identifying various pesticides and their advantages, and multiple examples are provided in this regard. Almost all articles of the last few years on detecting various pesticides using nanozyme-based biosensors have been reviewed in our paper.