Polydopamine-engineered FRET microspheres for robust dual-readout multiplexed nucleic acid analysis

Abstract

We present a polydopamine-engineered FRET-encoded microsphere platform that ensures stable spectral encoding, efficient decoding, improved dispersion, and reproducible high-density DNA immobilization (∼0.1 nmol mg⁻¹), enabling robust and sensitive multiplexed nucleic acid analysis with low background signals.