Themed collection 3D and 4D Bioprinting

Integrating microfluidics, hydrogels, and 3D bioprinting for personalized vessel-on-a-chip platforms
Advancement of vascular models from simple 2D culture to complex vessel-on-a-chip platforms through integration of microfluidics, biomimetic hydrogels, and 3D bioprinting, enabling controlled investigation of thrombosis mechanisms.
Biomater. Sci., 2025,13, 1131-1160
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM01354A
Integrating 3D printing of biomaterials with nitric oxide release
This review highlights the challenges, key strategies, and future perspectives for integrating 3D printing of biomaterials with nitric oxide (NO) release for biomedical applications.
Biomater. Sci., 2025,13, 858-874
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM01304B

Biocompatible composite hydrogel with on-demand swelling-shrinking properties for 4D bioprinting
We engineered SwellMA by combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with sodium polyacrylate (SPA) to enable dynamic shape changes and enhanced performance in 4D bioprinting applications.
Biomater. Sci., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D5BM00551E

Guiding vascular infiltration through architected GelMA/PEGDA hydrogels: an in vivo study of channel diameter, length, and complexity
Organ shortages for transplantation in the United States impact over 100 000 patients, with 17 dying daily due to the lack of available organs.
Biomater. Sci., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D5BM00193E

Using thiol–ene click chemistry to engineer 3D printed plasmonic hydrogel scaffolds for SERS biosensing
Identifying key physicochemical factors affecting SERS biosensing performance in 3D cell models using a library of thiol–ene photo-crosslinked plasmonic hydrogels.
Biomater. Sci., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM01529K
Embedded bioprinting of dense cellular constructs in bone allograft-enhanced hydrogel matrices for bone tissue engineering
We present an extrusion-based embedded bioprinting strategy to fabricate dense cellular constructs within bioactive MeHA hydrogels containing human bone microparticles, providing a scalable platform for bone tissue engineering.
Biomater. Sci., 2025, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM01616E

Photoinitiator-free light-mediated crosslinking of dynamic polymer and pristine protein networks
This study reports a photoinitiator- and radical-free biocompatible crosslinking method based on ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol, which provides a versatile approach to generate dynamic hydrogels and crosslink pristine proteins for biomedical applications.
Biomater. Sci., 2025,13, 210-222
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM00849A
3D Printing of a Biomimetic Myotendinous Junction Assisted by Artificial Intelligence
Workflow for developing an in vitro biomimetic myotendinous junction (MTJ): tissue properties and SEM data are measured (left), informing 3D printing of microstructure and properties (middle). MTJ formation occurs naturally within 2 weeks (right).
Biomater. Sci., 2024,12, 6047-6062
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM00892H
Bioactive additives from the dorsal dermis of mice for enhanced vascularization in 3D bioprinting
Our study presents a pioneering approach utilizing dorsal dermis tissues (DD) as an angiogenic bioink additive, focusing on exploring the pro-angiogenic and inflammatory response mechanisms.
Biomater. Sci., 2024,12, 6019-6032
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4BM00957F
About this collection
3D and 4D bioprinting, the controlled deposition of biomaterials and cells for the building of tissues, organs, scaffolds drug and more, is an immensely powerful tool which has emerged as a versatile and valuable technique in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D printing encompasses the controlled printing of biomaterials in complex 3D structures, and 4D printing refers to the incorporation of a stimuli-responsive element. As such, there is a growing need to investigate the production of the materials used, bioinks and their components, and their effectiveness in creating useable end products for clinical or laboratory use. This themed collection in Biomaterials Science, Guest Edited by Professor Nasim Annabi (University of California-Los Angeles, USA, ORCID: 0000-0003-1879-1202), aims to publish cutting edge research in this field and provide an overview of the recent developments in 3D/4D bioprinting and its application in biomedicine to inspire future research in this exciting field.