Anti-swelling hydrogels based on surfactant–polymer interactions for underwater sensing with excellent mechanical properties

Yue Cai, Kaizhen Wan, Qihui Chen, Maochun Hong, Zhao-Xi Zhou and Heqing Fu

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 12981
DOI: 10.1039/D3TC01889J

Advances in conducting nanocomposite hydrogels for wearable biomonitoring

Arpita Roy, Ronak Afshari, Saumya Jain, Yuting Zheng, Min-Hsuan Lin, Shea Zenkar, Junyi Yin, Jun Chen, Nicholas A. Peppas and Nasim Annabi

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 2595
DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00220B

Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review

Dong Liu, Chenxi Huyan, Zibi Wang, Zhanhu Guo, Xuehua Zhang, Hamdi Torun, Daniel Mulvihill, Ben Bin Xu and Fei Chen

Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 2800
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH00056G

Cold-resistant, highly stretchable ionic conductive hydrogels for intelligent motion recognition in winter sports

Tongda Lei, Jiajun Pan, Ning Wang, Zhaopeng Xia, Qingsong Zhang, Jie Fan, Lei Tao, Wan Shou and Yu Gao

Mater. Horiz., 2024, 11, 1234
DOI: 10.1039/D3MH02013D

Nanoarchitectonics composite hydrogels with high toughness, mechanical strength, and self-healing capability for electrical actuators with programmable shape memory properties

Yanqing Wang, Pengcheng Li, Shuting Cao, Yuetao Liu and Chuanhui Gao

Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 18667
DOI: 10.1039/D3NR03578F

Highly transparent, mechanical, and self-adhesive zwitterionic conductive hydrogels with polyurethane as a cross-linker for wireless strain sensors

Haibo Wang, Xiaoyi Li, Ying Ji, Junhuai Xu, Zhifan Ye, Shuang Wang and Xiaosheng Du

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 2933
DOI: 10.1039/D2TB00157H

A zinc-ion battery-type self-powered strain sensing system by using a high-performance ionic hydrogel

Yueqin Li, Runtian Miao, Yong Yang, Lin Han and Qiangshan Han

Soft Matter, 2023, 19, 8022
DOI: 10.1039/D3SM00993A

Dielectrostriction Effect in Flexible Dielectric Realized by Ordered Doping of Iron Nanoparticles for Wide-Range Pressure Detection

Chuanliang Li, Zhentao Wang, Haodong Chen, Xueyang Liu, Xin Ye, Zefang Chen, Zhe Wu, Jiacheng Tu, Yifei Pan, Huiyang Yu, Jianqiu Huang and Yifeng Li

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2023, 6, 10
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03018

Electroactive Oxidized Alginate/Gelatin/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Composite Hydrogel with Improved Biocompatibility and Self-Healing Property

Hui Zhu, Weitao Dai, Liming Wang, Cong Yao, Chenxi Wang, Bingsong Gu, Dichen Li and Jiankang He

Polymers, 2022, 14, 3908
DOI: 10.3390/polym14183908

A strong, ultrastretchable, antifreezing and high sensitive strain sensor based on ionic conductive fiber reinforced organohydrogel

Di Wang, Jin Zhang, Chonghui Fan, Jian Xing, Anfang Wei, Wenzheng Xu, Quan Feng and Qufu Wei

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2022, 243, 110116
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110116

Multifunctional acetylated distarch phosphate based conducting hydrogel with high stretchability, ultralow hysteresis and fast response for wearable strain sensors

Yingjie Wang, Linmeng Song, Qi Wang, Lu Wang, Shiya Li, HongChao Du, Chenchen Wang, Yifan Wang, Peng Xue, Wu-Cheng Nie, Xuedong Wang and Shaojian Tang

Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 318, 121106
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121106

Challenges in Materials and Devices of Electronic Skin

Jing Zhang, Jiean Li, Wen Cheng, Jia-Han Zhang, Zhou Zhou, Xidi Sun, Lanlan Li, Jun-Ge Liang, Yi Shi and Lijia Pan

ACS Materials Lett., 2022, 4, 577
DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00799

High-strength and low-hysteresis chemical cross-linking PVA hydrogel for motion monitoring

Shengping Dai, Chengxuan Zhong, Jingping Yao, Longhua Zeng, Yan Zhong, Shuyong Xie, Wei Huang, Wentong Chen and Yan Sui

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, 710, 136212
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.136212

Extremely-low electrical-hysteresis hydrogels for multifunctional wearable sensors and osmotic power generators

Siti Aisyah Nurmaulia Entifar, Nisa Aqilla Ellenahaya Entifar, Anky Fitrian Wibowo, Jung Ha Kim, Yulia Shara br Sembiring, Jonatan Martino Windi Saputro, Han-Gyeol Kim, Jong-Oh Kim, Guohua Xie, Junghwan Oh, Soyeon Kim, Dong Chan Lim, Myoung-Woon Moon, Min-Seok Kim and Yong Hyun Kim

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 509, 160971
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160971

6-amino caproic acid regulated mechanical performance of ionically conductive ultra-stretchable hydrogels for flexible strain and epidermis sensors

Mansoor Khan, Luqman Ali Shah, Sadia Yazdani and Hyeong-Min Yoo

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2023, 356, 114363
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2023.114363

Wearable Resistive‐Type Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials and Applications

Sanqing Zhao, Dapeng Liu and Feng Yan

Advanced Materials, 2025, 37
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202413929

Flexible, stretchable, wearable electronic skins based on aligned carbon nanotube fiber arrays for motion detection and human–machine interaction

Shaoguang Lv, Zhipeng Cao, Zixi Ying, Rui Zhang, Yingzhong Tian, Weiping Gong and Guangjie Yuan

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2023, 362, 114634
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2023.114634

Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum hydrogels with excellent water absorption and its application in the preservation of Lateolabrax Japonicus fillets

Shuai Chi, Xinyu Liu, Jiaqing Wu, Qian Feng, Lili Wang, Jianrong Li and Tong Sun

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 308, 141824
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141824

Design of a novel nanosensor based on nanocomposite hydrogel composed of a PVA-poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) conducting copolymer-(PbO-doped NiO)-OXSWCNTs-coated QCM for rapid detection of cd (II) ions

Dina F. Katowah, Sameh H. Ismail, Hanan K. Alzahrani, Mohammed M. Rahman and Mohamed A. Abdel-Fadeel

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2024, 35
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-024-12573-w

Highly sensitive flexible strain sensor based on microstructured biphasic hydrogels for human motion monitoring

Xin Gao, Xinyu Wang and Xingce Fan

Front. Mater. Sci., 2023, 17
DOI: 10.1007/s11706-023-0665-5

Mechanical Design Principles of Conductive Gels Applied for Flexible Electronics

Yuanlai Fang, Zhongxiang Bai, Weiming Xu, Xinhong Xiong, Jingjiang Wei, Qin Hu, Haibo Wang and Jiaxi Cui

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202416398

A cyclic freezing-thawing approach to layered Janus hydrogel tapes with single-sided adhesiveness for wearable strain sensors

Mingcheng Wang, Hongwei Zhou, Haotian Du, Lin Chen, Guoxu Zhao, Hanbin Liu, Xilang Jin, Weixing Chen and Aijie Ma

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 446, 137163
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137163

Intrinsically conducting polymers in flexible and stretchable resistive strain sensors: a review

Srinivasan Raman and A. Ravi Sankar

J Mater Sci, 2022, 57, 13152
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-022-07479-z

Nanomaterial based PVA nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical sensing: Advances toward designing the ideal flexible/wearable nanoprobes

Zahra Karimzadeh, Mansour Mahmoudpour, Elaheh Rahimpour and Abolghasem Jouyban

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 305, 102705
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102705

A stretchable and self-healable conductive hydrogels based on gelation/polyacrylamide/polypyrrole for all-in-one flexible supercapacitors with high capacitance

Yueqin Li, Xiaohui Liu, Yong Yang, Changhao Qian, Chen Chen, Lin Han and Qingshan Han

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 636, 128145
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128145

A Strong, Ultrastretchable, Antifreezing and High Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Fiber Reinforced Organohydrogel

Di Wang, Jin Zhang, Chonghui Fan, Jian Xing, Anfang Wei, Wenzheng Xu, Quan Feng and Qufu Wei

SSRN Journal, 2022
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4073258

Conductive hydrogel as stress‐strain sensor for human motion monitoring

Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal, Md. Sofiuzzaman, Firoz Ahmed, Volker Hessel, Mohammad Boshir Ahmed and Masoumeh Zargar

Nano Select, 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1002/nano.202400057