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“Fishnet-like” ion-selective nanochannels in advanced membranes for flow batteries

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Exploring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as an anolyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries

Gongwei Wang, Bing Huang, Dan Liu, Dong Zheng, Joshua Harris, Janie Xue and Deyang Qu

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Huiling Peng, Pingan Chen, Xu Yang, Zhihuan Xue, Shengping Wang, Jongbeom Na, Jingxian Yu and Yusuke Yamauchi

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 11521
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An organic cathode with high capacities for fast-charge potassium-ion batteries

Mi Tang, Yanchao Wu, Yuan Chen, Cheng Jiang, Shaolong Zhu, Shuming Zhuo and Chengliang Wang

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Redox flow batteries as energy storage systems: materials, viability, and industrial applications

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A membrane-free interfacial battery with high energy density

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Expanding the potential of redox carriers for flow battery applications

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New highly soluble triarylamine-based materials as promising catholytes for redox flow batteries

Elena I. Romadina, Ivan A. Volodin, Keith J. Stevenson and Pavel A. Troshin

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A plant-like battery: a biodegradable power source ecodesigned for precision agriculture

Marina Navarro-Segarra, Carles Tortosa, Carlos Ruiz-Díez, Denis Desmaële, Teresa Gea, Raquel Barrena, Neus Sabaté and Juan Pablo Esquivel

Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 2900
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Solvation regulation to mitigate the decomposition of 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Kang Peng, Yuanyuan Li, Gonggen Tang, Yahua Liu, Zhengjin Yang and Tongwen Xu

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 430
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Increased performance of an all-organic redox flow battery model via nitration of the [4]helicenium DMQA ion electrolyte

Jules Moutet, David Mills, Md Mubarak Hossain and Thomas L. Gianetti

Mater. Adv., 2022, 3, 216
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Trust is good, control is better: a review on monitoring and characterization techniques for flow battery electrolytes

Oliver Nolte, Ivan A. Volodin, Christian Stolze, Martin D. Hager and Ulrich S. Schubert

Mater. Horiz., 2021, 8, 1866
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In situ electrosynthesis of quinone-based redox-active molecules coupling with high-purity hydrogen production

Hyunjoon Ji, Ziming Zhao, Changkun Zhang and Xianfeng Li

Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 13185
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Elucidating the assembly of nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) near an electrode interface with varying potential using neutron reflectivity

Md Ashraful Haque, Sara T. Hamilton, Tony G. Feric, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park and Mark D. Dadmun

Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 8521
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Large variability and complexity of isothermal solubility for a series of redox-active phenothiazines

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Challenges and advances in redox flow batteries utilizing sustainable and cost-effective non-vanadium active materials

Wonmi Lee, Gyunho Park, Mingyu Shin, Dominik Emmel, Daniel Schröder and Yongchai Kwon

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 15491
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Proton delivery through a dynamic 3D H-bond network constructed from dense hydroxyls for advanced ion-selective membranes

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Advancements towards optimization of metal–organic framework-based polymer electrolyte membranes for aqueous redox flow batteries

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Simultaneous energy harvesting and storage via solar-driven regenerative electrochemical cycles

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Improved voltage and solubility in hybrid non-aqueous redox flow batteries using a molecular 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivative with a stable radical cation state

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A 1.51 V pH neutral redox flow battery towards scalable energy storage

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Nonaqueous arylated quinone catholytes for lithium–organic flow batteries

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Solvation structure regulation for an ether/ether biphasic electrolyte to balance cathodic and anodic reactions in metal-based batteries

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Evaluation of negolyte properties of supramolecular binary complexes based on viologen-cucurbit[7]urils

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The potential of electrolyte filled MOF membranes as ionic sieves in rechargeable batteries

Yibo He, Yu Qiao, Zhi Chang and Haoshen Zhou

Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 2327
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Recent advancements in rational design of non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries

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Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 4370
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Plentiful abutting functional groups boosting sodium storage in a small molecule

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Redox mediators accelerate electrochemically-driven solubility cycling of molecular transition metal complexes

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Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 9836
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A highly conductive conjugated coordination polymer for fast-charge sodium-ion batteries: reconsidering its structures

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Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 10856
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Rechargeable organic–air redox flow batteries

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Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2018, 2, 2252
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An understanding of a 3D hierarchically porous carbon modified electrode based on finite element modeling

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Six-electron organic redoxmers for aqueous redox flow batteries

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Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 13226
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Solvation-mediated adsorption mechanism of solvated lithium ions at a charged solid–liquid interface for electrochemical energy storage: atomic scale investigation and insights

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Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2025, 27, 6486
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Quinones: understanding their electrochemistry, chemistry and degradation pathways to tap their full potential in aqueous redox flow batteries

Afzal, Heshan Liyanaarachchi, Gavin E. Collis, Lathe A. Jones and Subashani Maniam

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 39557
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MoS2-modified graphite felt as a high performance electrode material for zinc–polyiodide redox flow batteries

Jian Liu, Ting Ma, Meng Zhou, Shuang Liu, Jin Xiao, Zhanliang Tao and Jun Chen

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Mechanistic insights of cycling stability of ferrocene catholytes in aqueous redox flow batteries

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Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 1315
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Machine learning for flow batteries: opportunities and challenges

Tianyu Li, Changkun Zhang and Xianfeng Li

Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 4740
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Improved radical stability of viologen anolytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Bo Hu, Yijie Tang, Jian Luo, Grant Grove, Yisong Guo and T. Leo Liu

Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 6871
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Evaluation of in situ thermal stability assessment for flow batteries and deeper investigation of the ferrocene co-polymer

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Interfacial chemistry in multivalent aqueous batteries: fundamentals, challenges, and advances

Zhengyu Ju, Tianrui Zheng, Bowen Zhang and Guihua Yu

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A cobalt sulfide cluster-based catholyte for aqueous flow battery applications

Matthew B. Freeman, Le Wang, Daniel S. Jones and Christopher M. Bejger

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 21927
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Design strategies and applications of novel functionalized phenazine derivatives: a review

Yu-Xin Che, Xiao-Ni Qi, Qi Lin, Hong Yao, Wen-Juan Qu, Bingbing Shi, You-Ming Zhang and Tai-Bao Wei

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 11119
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Pyridyl group design in viologens for anolyte materials in organic redox flow batteries

Chen Chen, Shun Zhang, Yingzhong Zhu, Yumin Qian, Zhihui Niu, Jing Ye, Yu Zhao and Xiaohong Zhang

RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 18762
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Designing for conjugate addition: an amine functionalised quinone anolyte for redox flow batteries

Rajesh B. Jethwa, Evan Wenbo Zhao, Rachel N. Kerber, Erlendur Jónsson, Dominic S. Wright and Clare P. Grey

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 15188
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Orbital-dependent redox potential regulation of quinone derivatives for electrical energy storage

Zhihui Niu, Huaxi Wu, Yihua Lu, Shiyun Xiong, Xi Zhu, Yu Zhao and Xiaohong Zhang

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 5164
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Anion–π interactions in lithium–organic redox flow batteries

Lei Li, Yu-Jian Hong, Dong-Yang Chen, Wang-Chuan Xiao and Mei-Jin Lin

Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 2364
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TEMPO allegro: liquid catholyte redoxmers for nonaqueous redox flow batteries

Yuyue Zhao, Jingjing Zhang, Garvit Agarwal, Zhou Yu, Rebecca E. Corman, Yilin Wang, Lily A. Robertson, Zhangxing Shi, Hieu A. Doan, Randy H. Ewoldt, Ilya A. Shkrob, Rajeev S. Assary, Lei Cheng, Venkat Srinivasan, Susan J. Babinec and Lu Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 16769
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Recent advancements in membrane-free redox flow batteries

Xiao Wang, Rajeev K. Gautam and Jianbing “Jimmy” Jiang

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 5895
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Probing redoxable organic molecules in the transient near-electrode accumulated regime unveils insidious degradation

Jeongmin Yeo, Jaehyeon Cho, Kyungmi Kim, Noh-Uk Seo, Jung Hoon Yang, Junghyun Chae and Jinho Chang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 32351
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A multi-electron transfer ferrocene derivative positive redox moiety with improved solubility and potential

Congxin Xie, Wenbin Xu, Huamin Zhang, Xiangping Hu and Xianfeng Li

Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 8419
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A stable organic dye catholyte for long-life aqueous flow batteries

Hongbin Li, Hao Fan, Mahalingam Ravivarma, Bo Hu, Yangyang Feng and Jiangxuan Song

Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 13824
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Fabrication methods, pseudocapacitance characteristics, and integration of conjugated conducting polymers in electrochemical energy storage devices

Meysam Heydari Gharahcheshmeh and Kafil Chowdhury

Energy Adv., 2024, 3, 2668
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Ionic landscapes in single-molecule electronics: shaping charge transport beyond energy level realignment

Xinyan Mai, Ziyi Ju, Jingying Zhao, Zilong Cao, Yueqi Li and Jinghong Li

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 5864
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Control of anisotropy of a redox-active molecule-based film leads to non-volatile resistive switching memory

Jaejun Kim, Hiroyoshi Ohtsu, Taizen Den, Krittanun Deekamwong, Iriya Muneta and Masaki Kawano

Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 10888
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Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives as catholytes for dual-type redox flow batteries: molecular engineering enables high energy density and cyclability

Xiao Wang, Amir Lashgari, Rabin Siwakoti, Rajeev K. Gautam, Jack J. McGrath, Prasenjit Sarkar, Grace Naber, Jingchao Chai and Jianbing Jimmy Jiang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 19056
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Redox flow batteries: a new frontier on energy storage

P. Arévalo-Cid, P. Dias, A. Mendes and J. Azevedo

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 5366
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In situ growth of copper rhodizonate complexes on reduced graphene oxide for high-performance organic lithium-ion batteries

Dabei Wu, Heng Li, Ruguang Li, Yulian Hu and Xianluo Hu

Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11415
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Functional materials for aqueous redox flow batteries: merits and applications

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Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 8410
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In silicodiscovery of a new class of anolyte redoxmers for non-aqueous redox flow batteries

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Digital Discovery, 2023, 2, 1197
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An oxo-verdazyl radical for a symmetrical non-aqueous redox flow battery

Aleksandr Korshunov, Matthew James Milner, Mariano Grünebaum, Armido Studer, Martin Winter and Isidora Cekic-Laskovic

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 22280
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Planar carbenium ions for robust symmetrical all organic redox flow batteries

Jules Moutet, Marko H. Nowack, David D. Mills, Diego L. Lozier, Bo W. Laursen and Thomas L. Gianetti

Mater. Adv., 2023, 4, 4598
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Theoretical exploration of 2,2′-bipyridines as electro-active compounds in flow batteries

Mariano Sánchez-Castellanos, Martha M. Flores-Leonar, Zaahel Mata-Pinzón, Humberto G. Laguna, Karl M. García-Ruiz, Sergio S. Rozenel, Víctor M. Ugalde-Saldívar, Rafael Moreno-Esparza, Joep J. H. Pijpers and Carlos Amador-Bedolla

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 15823
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Critical role of structural order in bipolar redox-active molecules for organic redox flow batteries

Min Li, Garvit Agarwal, Ilya A. Shkrob, Ryan T. VanderLinden, Julia Case, Matthew Prater, Zayn Rhodes, Rajeev S. Assary and Shelley D. Minteer

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 23563
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Mono-methyl viologen: a promising anolyte for alkaline aqueous redox flow batteries

Devendra Y. Nikumbe, R. Govindha Pandi, Anusuya Saha, Bhavana Bhatt, Surjit Bhai, Bishwajit Ganguly, Shanmugam Senthil Kumar and Rajaram K. Nagarale

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 25934
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Density functional theory and machine learning for electrochemical square-scheme prediction: an application to quinone-type molecules relevant to redox flow batteries

Arsalan Hashemi, Reza Khakpour, Amir Mahdian, Michael Busch, Pekka Peljo and Kari Laasonen

Digital Discovery, 2023, 2, 1565
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Metal–organic framework-derived advanced oxygen electrocatalysts as air-cathodes for Zn–air batteries: recent trends and future perspectives

Aniruddha Kundu, Tapas Kuila, Naresh Chandra Murmu, Prakas Samanta and Srijib Das

Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 745
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Organic redox flow batteries in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions

Seongmo Ahn, Ariyeong Yun, Donghwi Ko, Vikram Singh, Jung Min Joo and Hye Ryung Byon

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 742
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A nanoporous sulfur-bridged hexaazatrinaphthylene framework as an organic cathode for lithium ion batteries with well-balanced electrochemical performance

Jinquan Wang, Yuhang Lee, Kaize Tee, Siti Nurhanna Riduan and Yugen Zhang

Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 7681
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The crucial role of the supporting electrolyte in redox flow battery performances

Asia Grattagliano, Beatrice Ricciardi, Alessandra D’Epifanio, Federica Sabuzi and Pierluca Galloni

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 15524
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Soluble and stable symmetric tetrazines as anolytes in redox flow batteries

Gloria D. De La Garza, Aman Preet Kaur, Ilya A. Shkrob, Lily A. Robertson, Susan A. Odom and Anne J. McNeil

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 18745
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Development of high-voltage bipolar redox-active organic molecules through the electronic coupling of catholyte and anolyte structures

Jacob S. Tracy, Elena S. Horst, Vladislav A. Roytman and F. Dean Toste

Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 10806
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Discovery of aza-aromatic anolytes for aqueous redox flow batteries via high-throughput screening

Qi Zhang, Abhishek Khetan, Elif Sorkun and Süleyman Er

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 22214
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Organic quinones towards advanced electrochemical energy storage: recent advances and challenges

Cuiping Han, Hongfei Li, Ruiying Shi, Tengfei Zhang, Jing Tong, Junqin Li and Baohua Li

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 23378
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Beyond conventional batteries: a review on semi-solid and redox targeting flow batteries-LiFePO4 as a case study

Nabil El Halya, Marwa Tayoury, Mohamed Aqil, Abedelhay Aboulaich, Rachid Amine, Fouad Ghamouss, Mohammed Makha, Jones Alami and Mouad Dahbi

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2024, 8, 2330
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A highly stable neutral viologen/bromine aqueous flow battery with high energy and power density

Wanqiu Liu, Yun Liu, Huamin Zhang, Congxin Xie, Lei Shi, Yong-Gui Zhou and Xianfeng Li

Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 4801
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Two-electron-active tetracyanoethylene for nonaqueous redox flow batteries

Xiao Wang, Jingchao Chai, Nilakshi Devi, Amir Lashgari, Ashwin Chaturvedi and Jianbing "Jimmy" Jiang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 13867
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Challenges, mitigation strategies and perspectives in development of zinc-electrode materials and fabrication for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

Jin Yi, Pengcheng Liang, Xiaoyu Liu, Kai Wu, Yuyu Liu, Yonggang Wang, Yongyao Xia and Jiujun Zhang

Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 3075
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A new design strategy for redox-active molecular assemblies with crystalline porous structures for lithium-ion batteries

Kensuke Nakashima, Takeshi Shimizu, Yoshinobu Kamakura, Akira Hinokimoto, Yasutaka Kitagawa, Hirofumi Yoshikawa and Daisuke Tanaka

Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 37
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Substituent effects on the electronic structures of sandwich compounds: new understandings provided by DFT-assisted laser ionization spectroscopy of bisarene complexes

Sergey Ketkov

Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 569
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Nanocage-oriented induction for highly ion-selective sub-1-nanometer channels of membranes

Lei Hu, Li Gao, Mengting Di, Xiaoming Yan, Xiaobin Jiang, Xuemei Wu, Gaohong He and Xianfeng Li

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Multiscale coupled electron–ion transport in semi-solid lithium flow batteries

Shanshan Pan, Wenhao Fang, Jie Yan, Suojiang Zhang and Haitao Zhang

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 5868
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Laser spectroscopic and computational insights into unexpected structural behaviours of sandwich complexes upon ionization

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Polyeutectic-based stable and effective electrolytes for high-performance energy storage systems

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An all organic redox flow battery with high cell voltage

Yongjie Huo, Xueqi Xing, Cuijuan Zhang, Xiang Wang and Yongdan Li

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Structure reorganization-controlled electron transfer of bipyridine derivatives as organic redox couples

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To flow or not to flow. A perspective on large-scale stationary electrochemical energy storage

Anukriti Pokhriyal, Daniel Rueda-García and Pedro Gómez-Romero

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 5473
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Redox-active polymer-grafted particles as redox mediators for enhanced charge transport in solution-state electrochemical systems

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Stability of Alizarin as a Low-Cost Anthraquinone for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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A high-capacity viologen-based anolyte for high energy density neutral pH aqueous redox-flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2023, 78, 222
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Durable alkaline zinc-iron flow batteries using a SPEEK/Polysulfone blend membrane

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Supramolecular Viologen–Cyclodextrin Electrolytes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Aleksandr Korshunov, Anna Gibalova, Mariano Gruenebaum, Bart Jan Ravoo, Martin Winter and Isidora Cekic-Laskovic

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Utilizing Machine Learning to Advance Battery Materials Design: Challenges and Prospects

Souvik Manna, Poulami Paul, Surya Sekhar Manna, Sandeep Das and Biswarup Pathak

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Highly Soluble Dimethoxymethyl Tetrathiafulvalene with Excellent Stability for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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N-Isobutylphenothiazine as a reversible and stable catholyte in non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries

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Recent Advances in NIR‐Switchable Multi‐Redox Systems Based on Organic Molecules

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