Recent Advances in Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication, Structural Engineering, Applications, and Future Challenges

Abstract

Semi transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) exhibit great potential in next generation energy technologies due to their excellent optoelectronic conversion efficiency, low cost, and solutionprocessability. As material performance continues to improve, ST-PSCs have gradually been integrated into various applications, including building integrated photovoltaics, transparent photovoltaic windows, and photovoltaic driven catalysis. However, enhancing their optoelectronic conversion efficiency and long term stability presents significant challenges. This review focuses on the structure of ST-PSCs, including key layers, stacked structures, and bifacial configurations. It also discusses fabrication methods, such as solution based spin coating,chemical vapor deposition, and techniques within vapor deposition, including magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, and atomic layer deposition. The latest advancements in cell optimization are explored, particularly in surface/interface structure optimization, functional material modification, crystal structure and bandgap tuning, and physical and chemical encapsulation techniques. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future development trends and potential challenges of ST-PSCs in efficient, stable, and multifunctional integration for building integrated photovoltaics and wearable self powered applications.