Issue 45, 2023

The manipulation of natural mineral chalcopyrite CuFeS2via mechanochemistry: properties and thermoelectric potential

Abstract

In this study, the properties of the natural mineral chalcopyrite CuFeS2 after mechanical activation in a planetary mill were studied. The intensity of mechanical activation was controlled by changing the revolutions of the mill in the range 100–600 min−1. A series of characterization techniques, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, TA (DTA, TG, and DTG), particle size analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy was applied and reactivity studies were also performed. Several new features were revealed for the mechanically activated chalcopyrite, e.g. the poly-modal distribution of produced nanoparticles on the micrometer scale, agglomeration effects by prolonged milling, possibility to modify the shape of the particles, X-ray amorphization and a shift from a non-cubic (tetragonal) structure to pseudo-cubic structure. The thermoelectric response was evaluated on the “softly” compacted powder via the spark plasma sintering method (very short holding time, low sintering temperature, and moderate pressure) by measuring the Seebeck coefficient and electrical and thermal conductivity above room temperature. The milling process produced samples with lower resistivity compared to the original non-activated sample. The Seebeck data close to zero confirmed the “compensated” character of natural chalcopyrite, reflecting its close-to stoichiometric composition with low concentration of both n- and p-type charge carriers. Alternatively, an evident correlation between thermal conductivity and energy supply by milling was observed with the possibility of band gap manipulation, which is associated with the energy delivered by the milling procedure.

Graphical abstract: The manipulation of natural mineral chalcopyrite CuFeS2via mechanochemistry: properties and thermoelectric potential

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Apr. 2023
Accepted
26 Okt. 2023
First published
10 Nov. 2023

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023,25, 31125-31136

The manipulation of natural mineral chalcopyrite CuFeS2via mechanochemistry: properties and thermoelectric potential

P. Baláž, E. Dutková, M. Baláž, N. Daneu, L. Findoráková, J. Hejtmánek, P. Levinský, K. Knížek, M. Bali Hudáková, R. Džunda, R. Bureš and V. Puchý, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 31125 DOI: 10.1039/D3CP01788E

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