How to design active sites for tailoring the C1 and C2 products of CO2 photoreduction

Abstract

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction generally involves three fundamental stages: light absorption, charge carrier separation, and the redox reactions occurring on the surface. Adjusting these processes to optimize the activity and selectivity of CO₂ photoreduction towards C₁ and C₂ products has proven to be an effective strategy. In this review, we summarize the design of active sites through various structural modifications, including defect structure, metal doping structure, heterojunction structure, alloy structure, loading structure, and composite structure, to tailor the product selectivity and activity of CO₂ photoreduction. Additionally, we provide a concise overview and outlook on strategies for stabilizing active sites, constructing bio-inorganic systems, and elucidating catalytic mechanisms.