Thiazolothiazole based functional metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

Thiazolothiazole (TTZ)-based functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an emerging class of materials that offer multi-functional properties, making them ideal for advanced applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and sustainable technologies. Importantly, the distinctive structural features of TTZ ligands, characterized by two rigidly fused thiazole rings containing nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms, provide exceptional fluorescence properties and multiple coordination sites, enabling diverse functionalities. Consequently, TTZ-based MOFs exhibit remarkable multifunctional characteristics attributed to the unique properties of the TTZ moiety, including fluorescence sensing, catalysis, photon upconversion, photochromism, electrochromism, bioimaging, and other functionalities. This comprehensive review systematically examines ligand design principles, synthetic methodologies, and diverse applications of TTZ-based MOFs. Furthermore, we critically analyze the current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions in this field. The development of TTZ-based MOFs offers a promising strategy and alternative approach for addressing specific scientific and technological challenges in various research domains.