Metal-catalyzed radical-type transformation of unactivated alkyl halides with C–C bond formation under photoinduced conditions

Abstract

Recent advances in the metal-catalyzed radical-type transformation of unactivated alkyl halides with C–C bond formation under photoinduced conditions are summarized. In general, an alkyl radical is generated as the key intermediate under visible light irradiation from unactivated alkyl halides. Different metal catalysts including Pd, Cu, Mn, Au, and Ir are reported to promote the conversion effectively. Additionally, a strategy by merging photoredox and transition metal catalysis is successfully applied in the cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl halides. During the reaction process, the undesired β-hydride elimination is suppressed. Usually, a broad reaction scope is observed, including tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl halides, with good functional group compatibility.