Issue 5, 2017

Spinifex nanocellulose derived hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

The selection of an appropriate anode material is a critical factor in dictating the effectiveness of sodium-ion batteries as a cost-effect alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon materials sourced from biomass offer the potential for a more sustainable anode material, while also addressing some of the thermodynamic issues associated with using traditional graphite anodes for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). Herein, we report the preparation of carbon electrode materials from low-cost cellulose nanofibers derived from an Australian native arid grass ‘spinifex’ (Triodia pungens). This nanocellulose derived carbon produced by a fast, low temperature carbonization protocol showed superior performance as an anode for NIBs with a specific capacity (386 mA h g−1 at 20 mA g−1) on par with that of the graphite based anode for lithium-ion batteries, and is one of the highest capacity carbon anodes reported for NIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the large interlayer spacing of the carbon (∼0.39 nm). Superior cycling stability and high rate tolerance (326 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 300 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) suggest that hard carbons derived from sustainable precursors are promising for next generation rechargeable batteries.

Graphical abstract: Spinifex nanocellulose derived hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
29 Cig 2017
Accepted
28 Agd 2017
First published
04 Cax 2017

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2017,1, 1090-1097

Spinifex nanocellulose derived hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

R. R. Gaddam, E. Jiang, N. Amiralian, P. K. Annamalai, D. J. Martin, N. A. Kumar and X. S. Zhao, Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2017, 1, 1090 DOI: 10.1039/C7SE00169J

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