Recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to formic acid/formate using heterogeneous catalysts

The conversion of CO₂ into value added chemicals is one of the fascinating strategies to mitigate the level of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Specifically, the hydrogenation of CO₂ into formic acid/formate has received a great deal of attention since the product is a valuable basic chemical as well as a promising energy storage material. However due to the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of this conversion, developing an efficient catalytic system has become desirable. Therefore various approaches have been implemented for the development of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. In this context, recent advances in the hydrogenation of CO₂ to formic acid/formate using heterogeneous catalysts as well as theoretical investigations are presented.