Issue 12, 2024

Insights into lithium inventory quantification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4–graphite full cells

Abstract

High voltage spinel cathode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) offers higher energy density and competitive cost compared to traditional cathodes in lithium-ion batteries, making it a promising option for high-performance battery applications. However, the fast capacity decay in full cells hinders further commercialization. The Li inventory evolution upon cycling in the LNMO–graphite pouch cell is systematically studied by developing lithium quantification methods on the cathode, anode, and electrolyte. The findings reveal that active Li loss is a primary factor contributing to capacity decay, stemming from an unstable anode interphase caused by crosstalk. This crosstalk primarily originates from electrolyte degradation on the cathode under high-voltage operation, leading to increased moisture and acidity, subsequently corroding the anode interphase. In response, two approaches including an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface coating layer on the cathode and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) electrolyte additives are evaluated systematically, resulting in cycling stability enhancement. This study offers a quantitative approach to understanding the Li inventory loss in the LNMO–Gr system, providing unique insights and guidance into identifying critical bottlenecks for developing high voltage (>4.4 V) lithium battery technology.

Graphical abstract: Insights into lithium inventory quantification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4–graphite full cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Feb 2024
Accepted
15 May 2024
First published
16 May 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024,17, 4263-4272

Insights into lithium inventory quantification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4–graphite full cells

W. Bao, W. Yao, Y. Li, B. Sayahpour, B. Han, G. Raghavendran, R. Shimizu, A. Cronk, M. Zhang, W. Li and Y. S. Meng, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 4263 DOI: 10.1039/D4EE00842A

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