In situ calcium phosphate deposition in hydrogels of poly(acrylic acid)–polyacrylamide interpenetrating polymer networks

Abstract

Interpenetrating networks of poly(acrylic acid) and polyacrylamide were used for the first time as templates for in situ calcium phosphate (CP) deposition in an attempt to mimic the naturally occurring biomineralization. The process of CP deposition was controlled by two main factors: the functionality and the overall crosslinking density of the IPNs' gels, both factors being varied via the IPNs' composition. The approach allowed the control of CP deposition in terms of amount, type and crystallite size. In this way the IPNs' potential as a template for controlled biomineralization was demonstrated. The obtained new inorganic–organic composite materials were characterized and their further potential in the fields of bone regeneration and substitution was revealed.