Themed collection Towards understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease

This review discusses the recent developments on biological and pharmacological activities of amaryllidaceae alkaloids with IC₅₀ or EC₅₀ values since 2005, supporting the potential therapeutic possibilities for the use of these compounds.

This review systematically discusses the drug-like chelating agents for AD as well as their potential applications in the future.

Corydalis plants are rich sources of isoquinoline alkaloids with various biological activities as well as drug-like properties.

This review highlights the different chemical modifications done on curcumin, their structure–activity relationship and a comprehensive look at the current clinical status of its analogues.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) confers an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an attractive strategy to increase the survival rate of patients.

The Aβ_19–20 peptide tends to self-assemble into well-ordered tubular structures under physiological conditions, while in the presence of equimolar Cu(II), they assembled into homogeneous microvesicles. The chelator can competitively bind to Cu(II) from the Cu(II)–Aβ_19–20 complex, resulting in reforming of the peptide tubular structure.

10 : 1 or more caffeine to SwP ratio can prevent the formation of β-sheet conformation.

The self-assembly and cytotoxicity of the amyloidogenic peptide IAPP can be controlled with low generation anionic dendrimers.

Eight novel trihybrids as potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs showed high AChEI and anti-Aβ aggregation capacity, moderate anti-ROS activity and low MAO inhibition.

In continuation of our investigation of the dibenzylideneacetone scaffold as Aβ imaging probes, a series of derivatives containing pyridine rings with lower lipophilicity was synthesized and evaluated.

Low concentration of CTAB provoked cross β-sheet formation whereas high concentrations of CTAB direct to alpha helix induction in Con A.

Fluorescent gold nanoclusters for in vivo target imaging provides a new way for rapid and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Beta (β)-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is one of the most important targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is responsible for production and accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ).

A series of 4-O-substituted chrysotoxine (CTX) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Bisphenols (BPs) are widely used in the production of plastic material, misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a causal factor in diabetes. We demonstrated BPs analogues show different effects on hIAPP amyloid formation.

A novel series of compounds obtained by fusing the metal-chelating agent clioquinol and the antioxidant ebselen were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Compounds 5o and 5p were both multifunctional hAChE/hMAO-B dual inhibitors for the treatment of AD.

Amyloid fibrils: promising nano-biosorbents for removing dye pollutants. These protein nanofibers have special structures with exposed net +/−charges and hydrophobic regions for rapid and efficient adsorption of various dyes.

These 3-Schiff base-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives were multifunctional agents with monoamine oxidase inhibition, anti-β-amyloid aggregation, metal chelation, antioxidant and neuroprotection properties against Alzheimer's disease.

Flavonoids can bind Aβ₄₂ to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ₄₂ monomer.

Plasmalogen, especially those having 22:6, suppressed neuronal apoptosis via death receptor and mitochondrial pathways. These mechanisms of action of plasmalogen may be responsible for regulation of membrane functions and second messenger production.

Curcumin inhibited Aβ fibril growth through leading to the structural conversion of the growing fibril to a more loosely constructed aggregate.

Herein we show that ruthenium complexes could inhibit fibrosis of hIAPP and protect the hIAPP-induced cell damage by suppressing ROS generation, indicating the application potential of the complexes in treatment of T2DM by targeting hIAPP.

A series of small molecules had been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The effect of Ferulic acid on insulin amyloid fibril formation has been studied using different biophysical methods in vitro.

Formation of amyloid like nano fibrils of pea nut agglutinin that is rich in beta sheet secondary structure under thermal conditions in the presence of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, and their affinity to contain plasmid PBR322 have been demonstrated by microscopy.

Conformational structural changes of Aβ_1–40 and Aβ_1–42 monomers during the interaction of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ metal ions.

A congeneric series of 224 cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p25 (CDK5/p25) inhibitors was exploited to understand the structural requirements for improving activity against CDK5/p25 and selectivity over CDK2.