Themed collection Multiply charged ions (MCIs) in the gas-phase

PCCP Themed Issue on multiply charged ions in the gas phase.

Results from numerical simulations of the densities of doubly-charged ions in the ionospheres of Venus, the Earth, Mars and Titan.

Multiply-charged ions formed when molecules and ions harvest ambient energy are reactive intermediates that can influence the ionization and chemical structure of the interstellar medium.

Multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation elucidates double and triple ionization and core-hole decay in H₂S.

Potential energy curves of NO²⁺ were determined using Auger spectroscopy subsequent to O 1s and N 1s core ionization.

In formamide–Sr²⁺ interactions the dominant process is a Coulomb explosion yielding SrOH⁺ + HCNH⁺. Some lighter doubly charged species such as NH₃Sr²⁺, COSr²⁺ and H₂OSr²⁺ are also produced.

M²⁺(CH₃CN)_n(H₂O)_m (M = Co, Ni) photolyze via solvent loss, proton transfer and electron transfer, depending on the cluster size and composition.

We systematically study Coulomb explosion of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in intense 8 and 24 fs laser pulses.

Charge inversion efficiency in an ion trap varies with reagent charge state for both dynamic and instrumental reasons.

The gas phase trianion Al(CN)³⁻₆ is metastable with respect to dissociation, but the Coulomb barrier is so high that it can be considered to be stable for all practical purposes.

Gas-phase activation of alkanes and alkenes by doubly charged actinide cations, Th²⁺ through Cm²⁺, proceeds along several pathways.

Difference between image charge and dielectric particle models for treating the fragmentation of highly charged fullerenes.

Single-electron transfer between NO²⁺ and NO generates pairs of NO⁺ ions which behave very differently to the products from the analogous CO₂²⁺/CO₂ and O₂²⁺/O₂ collision systems.

Low energy collision induced dissociation has been used to investigate the microsolvation of Pt(CN)₄²⁻ revealing “surface” solvated structures.

Electron capture induced dissociation experiments on a series of dipeptide dications reveal that the yields of c, z and w ions, ammonia loss and charge reduced intact species strongly depend on the peptide composition.

A benchmark study for fragmentation dynamics and ionic reactivity of medium sized hydrocarbon dications approached by experimental and theoretical methodologies.

The complete cascade decay of the Ar 2s hole is retrieved. Coincidences between photo- and Auger electrons reveal Ar²⁺ intermediate states as demonstrated in the figure.

Charge separation in the CID of [La^III(peptide)(CH₃CN)_m]³⁺ gives novel protonated a_n ions; stability depends on the residue at the N-terminus.

Theoretical and mass spectrometric investigation of the ClO²⁺ dication.

GaN²⁺ and GaF²⁺ can be considered as bound systems in the gas phase. The former is kinetically stable and the latter thermodynamically stable in clear contrast with GaO²⁺ which was found to be metastable.

Novel calcium-containing diatomic dications in the gas phase are detected experimentally and their thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties predicted theoretically.

Protein conformational changes induced by supercharging reagents late in the ESI droplet lifetime causes increased charging from aqueous solutions.

Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal the existence of three gas-phase diatomic trications ReO³⁺, NbO³⁺ and HfO³⁺ and the diatomic tetracation NbO⁴⁺.