Synergic improvements in flame retardant and dielectric properties of hybrid epoxy resin composites bearing a dimethyl methylphosphonate-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework

Abstract

With a rapid expansion in applications of epoxy resins (EP) and derived composites, there is a high demand for improving their flame retardant and dielectric properties. In this work, a facile and convenient strategy for loading a dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) flame retardant into the channels of ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework) was developed, followed by the assembly of a hybrid ZIF-8@DMMP material with epoxy resin (EP). The obtained MOF-containing hybrid EP composites, abbreviated as 8₂₀/EP (with 20 wt% ZIF-8) and 8 FR₂₀/EP (with 20wt% ZIF-8@DMMP), were fully characterized and shown to feature superior flame retardant behavior, contributing to an enhanced safety of such material in terms of total smoke suppression, lower levels of total heat release and carbon monoxide generation. The results demonstrated that the formation of an intumescent dense char layer restrained further combustion, thus enabling this composite material to feature a better flame retardant performance. Besides, the composite exhibited a dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of as low as 3.0 at a high frequency, which significantly outperforms the neat epoxy resin. This work thus showcases a simple and efficient route to enhance dielectric and flame retardant properties of polymeric epoxy resins, while merging the inherent porosity of ZIF-8 and traditional flame retardant behavior of DMMP.