Issue 10, 2024

Chlorinated-Ti3C2TF as a dual-functional buried interface on SnO2 electron-transporting layers for 25.09% high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Fluorinated titanium carbide MXenes (Ti3C2TF) have been proven as interfacial materials for hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). The surface terminals of Ti3C2TF can be adjusted to regulate the work function (WF) of electron transport layers (ETLs). In this work, Ti3C2TF,OH,O was treated with HCl to obtain Cl-terminated Ti3C2TF (named Ti3C2TF,Cl). The resulting Ti3C2TF,Cl was employed as a buried interlayer between SnO2 and the perovskite, which provides the dual functions of reducing the WF of SnO2, leading to good ohmic contact between the ETL and the perovskite, and facilitating the growth of the perovskite and reducing lattice stress via alteration of the surface energy of the ETL and lattice matching with the perovskite. n–i–p pero-SCs based on FA0.92MA0.08PbI3 achieved an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.09% with an open circuit voltage of 1.18 V. The optimized pero-SCs exhibit improved stability in N2, light soaking conditions, and air with a relative humidity of 30–40%. Additionally, Ti3C2TF,Cl performs well in large-scale devices (1.1 cm2) with a PCE of 20.62%, and is adaptable to pero-SCs with different perovskite (FA0.85MA0.15PbI2.55Br0.45), which achieves an exceptional PCE of 24.05% and a high fill factor of 84.52%.

Graphical abstract: Chlorinated-Ti3C2TF as a dual-functional buried interface on SnO2 electron-transporting layers for 25.09% high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 Jan 2024
Accepted
27 Mar 2024
First published
10 Apr 2024

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024,17, 3454-3469

Chlorinated-Ti3C2TF as a dual-functional buried interface on SnO2 electron-transporting layers for 25.09% high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells

J. Cao, Q. Chen, W. Wu, J. Fu, Z. Zhang, L. Chen, R. Wang, W. Yu, L. Wang, X. Nie, J. Zhang, Y. Zhou, B. Song and Y. Li, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 3454 DOI: 10.1039/D4EE00196F

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