Advances of metal halide perovskite large-size single crystals in photodetectors: from crystal materials to growth techniques

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have received significant research attention owing to their unique inherent photophysical properties, endowing them potential application in the field of photoelectric detection. Among them, lead halide perovskite (LHP) photodetectors have been widely investigated and rapidly developed to a certain extent. However, the practical application of LHP photodetectors is limited by the toxicity of lead and the inherent instability of LHPs. Thus, to address these issues, environmentally friendly metal cations, such as Sn²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Sb³⁺, can be considered as replacements for Pb²⁺, as well as the use of high-stability single crystals as photoactive components. Overjavascript; the past few years, a large number of lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) have been explored to facilitate the application of photodetectors. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date analysis of the research progress on the large-size single crystals of both LHPs and LFHPs, focusing on their growth processes and techniques. Also, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances, strategies, and existing challenges and present perspectives on MHP single crystals to promote the development of photodetectors in the future.