Iodine-containing furazan compounds: a promising approach to high-performance energetic biocidal agents

Abstract

The change of environment and climate causes frequent occurrence of biological hazards, which makes human beings face the challenge of biological security. Research on new and efficient biocidal materials continues to grow worldwide. The furazan was introduced into the field of iodine containing biocidal materials for the first time. Four iodine-containing furazan compounds were synthesized by simple steps. All the prepared compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. All compounds possess high detonation velocities (>5000 m s⁻¹) and iodine content (>50%), indicate the potential use as high performance biocidal agents. Among them, compound 2 can be synthesized in one step with a high yield of 68%. Compound 3 exhibit positive oxygen balances and superior detonation performance, with a detonation velocity of 6668 m s⁻¹, which is the highest among all reported organic energetic biocidal materials. In order to improve the comprehensive performance of bactericidal materials, compounds 5 and 6 were synthesized by bridging 1,2,4-triazole. These two compounds not only have high detonation velocity and detonation pressure, but also have good thermal stability (≥235 °C) and high iodine content (≥58.5%). This study provides a promising strategy for the future design and synthesis of energetic biocidal compounds.