A new biomimetic nanozyme of hemin/graphdiyne oxide with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric bioassays

Abstract

Graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is a novel type of two-dimensional carbon allotrope nanomaterial consisting of a large conjugated system and excellent chemical stability. To date, application of GDYO as a nanozyme in biosensing has been rarely reported. In this study, a novel ultrasensitive colorimetric bioassay was constructed using a hemin/GDYO nanocomposite (H/GDYO) as a new nanozyme with superior peroxidase-like activity for the detection of H₂O₂ and glucose. It was discovered that H/GDYO exhibited 6-fold higher peroxidase-like activity than pure hemin. Catalytic kinetic analysis showed that H/GDYO had a much higher affinity for H₂O₂ and glucose than that of hemin. The designed colorimetric bioassay displayed excellent sensitivity for H₂O₂ and glucose detection with a wide linear range of 0.015–0.5 mM and 0.1–10 mM, respectively, while the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 4.39 μM and 38 μM, respectively. Moreover, it was successfully applied for the analysis of H₂O₂ in milk and glucose in real human serum samples with acceptable recoveries. Importantly, the developed colorimetric bioassay shows good agreement with the results obtained from a commercial blood glucose meter. We believe that the proposed method could provide a promising prospect for medical diagnosis and biotechnology.