Magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction with the CuO/ZnO@Fe3O4-CNTs nanocomposite sorbent for the rapid pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid in the medical extract of plants, food, and water samples

Abstract

Herein, the CuO/ZnO@Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-nanocomposite (NC), as a sorbent for magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction, was developed for the determination of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the medical extract of plants, food, and water samples in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. The CuO/ZnO@Fe₃O₄-CNTs-NC was characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, TEM, BET, FT-IR, and VSM. Significant parameters (pH, temperature, eluent volume, vortex time, sonication time, CuO/ZnO@Fe₃O₄-CNTs-NC mass, and desorption time) that affected the extraction efficiency of CGA were optimized using Plackett–Burman as the screening design and the central composite design as the optimization strategy. Under the optimized conditions, the analytical parameters were obtained. The optimized method showed good linearity and a linear regression coefficient >0.9893. The enrichment factors ranged from 102.43 to 123.76 with the preconcentration factor of 60.0. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.034–0.061 ng mL⁻¹ and 0.114–0.202 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. The method also reflected acceptable accuracy (from 94.07% to 109.7%) and the broad potential applications of CuO/ZnO@Fe₃O₄-CNTs-NC for the detection of CGA content in the medical extract of plants, food, and water samples.