Fabrication of a Ga3+ sensor probe based on methoxybenzylidenebenzenesulfonohydrazide (MBBSH) by an electrochemical approach†
Abstract
A series of (E)-N′-methoxybenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (MBBSH) compounds were synthesized using a condensation method from the derivatives of methoxybenzaldehyde and benzenesulfonylhydrazine in good (crystallized) yield in an alcoholic medium. The as-prepared MBBSH compounds were well-characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis. The structure of the MBBSH molecules was confirmed using the single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) method and used for the selective detection of the gallium (Ga3+) ion by the I–V technique. A thin-layer of MBBSH was prepared by deposition onto a smooth glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Nafion (Nf) as a coating binder in order to modify the sensitive and selective Ga3+ sensor probe. The sensitivity, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the modified electrode towards Ga3+ were calculated from the calibration curve as 949.37 pA μM−1 cm−2, ≈84.0 ± 0.2 pM, and 280.0 ± 0.5 mM, respectively. The prospective MBBSH/GCE sensor was applied for the determination of Ga3+ in spiked biological (human, mouse, and rabbit serum) and environmental (industrial effluent, red sea water, well-water, and tap water) samples and acceptable and reasonable results were obtained.