Determination of pramipexole by using its quenching and retarding effects on the CuO nanoparticle–HCO3−–H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction

Abstract

In this work, it was found that pramipexole (PPX) could decrease the intensity and rate of the CuO NP-catalyzed HCO₃⁻–H₂O₂ CL system. Based on these findings, the CuO NPs–HCO₃⁻–H₂O₂ CL system was used for the determination of PPX. With this aim, the experimental parameters influencing the CL reaction were optimized to achieve the highest effect of PPX on the CL system. After optimization, two calibration graphs including CL intensity versus PPX concentration and time of appearance of the maximum CL intensity (T_max) versus PPX concentration were plotted. The linear range for the calibration graph based on CL intensity versus PPX concentration was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ with the correlation coefficient of the calibration line being r² = 0.9938. The limit of detection (LOD) was equal to 7.9 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ and the relative standard deviation of the method with respect to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ PPX was equal to 4.7% (n = 10). The linear range for the calibration graph based on T_maxversus PPX concentration was 7.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ with the correlation coefficient of the calibration line being r² = 0.9983. The LOD was equal to 3.4 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ and the relative standard deviation of the method with respect to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ PPX was equal to 3.19% (n = 10). The utilized CuO NPs were prepared by exploiting a quick precipitation technique and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of PPX in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked tap water.