Anchoring ultra-fine TiO2–SnO2 solid solution particles onto graphene by one-pot ball-milling for long-life lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A low cost, up-scalable and one-pot wet-mechanochemical approach is designed for fabricating TiO₂–SnO₂@graphene nanocomposites where TiO₂ and SnO₂ solid solution nanoparticles are evenly anchored on graphene sheets. As an anode material of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the as-prepared nanocomposites deliver a superior rate performance of 388 mA h g⁻¹ at 1.5 A g⁻¹ and an outstanding reversible cycling stability (617 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.4 A g⁻¹ after 750 cycles, 92.2% capacity retention), due to the synergistic effects contributed from individual components, i.e., high specific capacity of SnO₂, excellent conductivity of 3D porous graphene networks, good rate capability and structural stability of TiO₂ structures.