Neat C60:C70 buckminsterfullerene mixtures enhance polymer solar cell performance

Abstract

We demonstrate that bulk-heterojunction blends based on neat, unsubstituted buckminsterfullerenes (C₆₀, C₇₀) and a thiophene–quinoxaline copolymer (TQ1) can be readily processed from solution. Atomic force and transmission electron microscopy as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal that thin films with a fine-grained nanostructure can be spin-coated, which display a good photovoltaic performance. Replacement of substituted fullerenes with C₆₀ or C₇₀ only results in a small drop in open-circuit voltage from 0.9 V to about 0.8 V. Thus, a power conversion efficiency of up to 2.9% can be maintained if C₇₀ is used as the acceptor material. Further improvement in photovoltaic performance to 3.6% is achieved, accompanied by a high internal quantum efficiency of 75%, if a 1 : 1 C₆₀:C₇₀ mixture is used as the acceptor material, due to its improved solubility in ortho-dichlorobenzene.