Hyper-branched sensing polymer directly constructed on a resonant micro-cantilever for the detection of trace chemical vapor

Abstract

A hyper-branched polymer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a resonant micro-cantilever and, then, functionalized with sensing-terminals for the specific detection of the trace chemical vapor of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP, a typical simulant for nerve agents). The hyper-branched polymer is directly constructed on the SiO₂ surface of the cantilever via an A₂ + B₄ layer-by-layer route, where A₂ and B₄ are complementary interacting groups which undergo coupled linking. After modification with 4-(2-(4-(allyloxy)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenol (APHFPP) groups specific to DMMP, the high specific-surface-area hyper-branched polymer provides very dense sensing sites to adsorb a great number of DMMP molecules for micro-gravimetric detection. Moreover, the sensing polymer possesses a “more branches but fewer roots” configuration on the cantilever surface to depress the cross-talk effect caused by adsorption induced cantilever spring-stiffening. Experimental results indicate that, self-assembled with the hyper-branched sensing polymer, the resonant cantilevers exhibit rapid and reproducible detection of trace DMMP (with the detection limit lower than 7.2 ppb) and effectively depressed parasitic frequency-shift from the cantilever spring stiffening effect. In addition, the sensor features satisfactory selectivity in the presence of water and organic solvents. When an alternative sensing-group of 2-allylhexafluoroisopropanol (AHFIP) is modified on the hyper-branched architecture, the cantilever becomes specifically sensitive to trace explosive vapor. Therefore, the developed technique for the functionalization of hyper-branched polymer directly grown on a cantilever provides a widely usable micro/nano sensing-platform for the detection of trace chemical vapors.