Synthesis and characterization of diiron dithiolate complexes containing a quinoxaline bridge

Abstract

A potential model complex for the hydrogenase active site, [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₆] (1) (R = quinoxaline), was synthesized by condensation of [(μ-LiS)₂Fe₂(CO)₆] with 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline. Reactions of 1 with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) under a range of conditions yielded substituted complexes [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₅(dppm)] (2), [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₄(k²-dppm)] (3) and [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₄(μ-dppm)] (4). X-ray crystallography confirms that in 2, the dppm is terminally bonded to an iron atom via one phosphorus atom, whereas in 3, it acts as a chelating ligand to coordinate to an iron center in a dibasal-substituted manner. In 4, the dppm bridges the two iron atoms in a cis basal/basal fashion with one phosphorus bonded to each iron atom. Treatment of 1 with various tertiary phosphines at room temperature in acetonitrile (MeCN) generates a range of mono-substituted products [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₅L] (5, L = PEt₃; 6, PMe₃; 7, PPh₃; 8, Me₂PPh). With Bu^tNC, mono- and di-substituted [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₅(Bu^tNC)] (9) and [Fe₂{(μ-CH₂S)₂R}(CO)₄(Bu^tNC)₂] (10) complexes are generated. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy. IR and NMR spectroscopic studies suggest that addition of excess HBF₄·OEt₂ acid to 1–4 led to the protonation of quinoxaline nitrogen atoms. In contrast, 5–10 were not stable in acidic media. Electrochemistry of 1–4 was investigated in the acetonitrile medium (0.1 M Bu₄NPF₆). The electrochemical instability of the reduced ligand, quinoxaline, and the reduced forms of these complexes revealed from the electrochemical studies suggests that they do not provide ideal models of the hydrogenase active site.