Solution processable low bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based derivatives: novel acceptors for organic solar cells

Abstract

Novel low bandgap solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based derivatives functionalized with electron withdrawing end capping groups (trifluoromethylphenyl and trifluorophenyl) were synthesized, and their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. These compounds showed optical bandgaps ranging from 1.81 to 1.94 eV and intense absorption bands that cover a wide range from 300 to 700 nm, attributed to charge transfer transition between electron rich phenylene-thienylene moieties and the electron withdrawing diketopyrrolopyrrole core. All of the compounds were found to be fluorescent in solution with an emission wavelength ranging from 600 to 800 nm. Cyclic voltammetry indicated reversible oxidation and reduction processes with tuning of HOMO–LUMO energy levels. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor with these new acceptors were used for fabrication. The best power conversion efficiencies (PCE) using 1 : 2 donor–acceptor by weight mixture were 1% under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW cm⁻². These findings suggested that a DPP core functionalized with electron accepting end-capping groups were a promising new class of solution processable low bandgap n-type organic semiconductors for organic solar cell applications.