A novel 10B-enriched carboranyl-containing phthalocyanine as a radio- and photo-sensitising agent for boron neutron capture therapy and photodynamic therapy of tumours: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract

The synthesis of a Zn(II)–phthalocyanine derivative bearing four ¹⁰B-enriched o-carboranyl units (¹⁰B-ZnB₄Pc) and its natural isotopic abundance analogue (ZnB₄Pc) in the peripheral positions of the tetraazaisoindole macrocycle is presented. The photophysical properties of ZnB₄Pc, as tested against model biological systems, were found to be similar with those typical of other photodynamically active porphyrin-type photosensitisers, including a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.67. The carboranyl-carrying phthalocyanine was efficiently accumulated by B16F1 melanotic melanoma cells in vitro, appeared to be partitioned in at least some subcellular organelles and, upon red light irradiation, induced extensive cell mortality. Moreover, ZnB₄Pc, once i.v.-injected to C57BL/6 mice bearing a subcutaneously transplanted pigmented melanoma, photosensitised an important tumour response, provided that the irradiation at 600–700 nm was performed 3 h after the phthalocyanine administration, when appreciable concentrations of ZnB₄Pc were still present in the serum. Analogously, irradiation of the ¹⁰B-ZnB₄Pc-loaded pigmented melanoma with thermal neutrons 24 h after injection led to a 4 day delay in tumour growth as compared with control untreated mice. These results open the possibility to use one chemical compound as both a photosensitising and a radiosensitising agent for the treatment of tumours by the combined application of photodynamic therapy and boron neutron capture therapy.