Determination of benzo[a]pyrene tetrols by column-switching capillary liquid chromatography with fluorescence and micro-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection

Abstract

The present work displays capillary liquid chromatographic column switching methodology tailored for determination of benzo[a]pyrene tetrol isomers in biological matrices using on-line fluorescence and μ-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. A well-established off-line crude solid phase extraction procedure was used in order to make the method compatible with several biological matrices. The solid phase extraction eluates were evaporated to dryness, redissolved in 1.0 ml methanol : water (10 : 90, v/v), loaded onto a 0.32 mm I.D. × 40 mm 5 µm Kromasil C₁₈ pre-column for analyte enrichment and back-flushed elution onto a 0.30 mm I.D. × 150 mm 3.5 µm Kromasil C₁₈ analytical column. The samples were loaded with a flow rate of 50 µl min⁻¹ and the tetrols were separated at a flow rate of 4 µl min⁻¹ with an acetonitrile : 10 mM ammonium acetate gradient from 10 to 90%. A sample loading flow rate up to 50 µl min⁻¹ was allowed. The fluorescence excitation and emission were set to 342 and 385 nm, respectively, while mass spectrometric detection of the benzo[a]pyrene tetrols was obtained by monitoring their [M − H]⁻ molecular ions at m/z 319. The method was validated over the concentration range 0.1–50 ng ml⁻¹ benzo[a]pyrene tetrols in a cell culture medium with 100 µl injection volume, fluorescence detection and the first eluting tetrol isomer as model compound, resulting in a correlation coefficient of 0.993. The within-assay (n = 6) and between-assay (n = 6) precisions were determined to 2.6–8.6% and 3.8–9.6%, respectively, and the recoveries were determined to 97.9–102.4% within the investigated concentration range. The mass limit of detection (by fluorescence) was 3 pg for all the tetrol isomers, corresponding to a concentration limit of detection of 30 pg ml⁻¹ cell culture medium. The corresponding mass spectrometric mass limits of detection were 4–10 pg, corresponding to concentration limits of detection of 40–100 pg ml⁻¹ cell culture medium.