Electrochemical immunoassay at a 17β-estradiol self-assembled monolayer electrode using a redox marker

Abstract

A simple electrochemical immunoassay was demonstrated using a 17β-estradiol modified electrode. 17β-estradiol was immobilized on the gold electrode surface with a self-assembly technique. The specific binding between estradiol antibody and 17β-estradiol on the electrode surface was evaluated by monitoring the change in the electrode response with three hydrophilic redox markers. The decrease in the electrode response for the redox marker was observed, when the antibody was bound to the estradiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) electrode surface. The change in the electrode response of the redox marker is attributed to the steric hindrance between the antibody on the electrode surface and the redox marker. The relative standard deviation at 30 μg ml⁻¹ estradiol antibody was 4.1% (n = 3). The competitive reaction between the antigen in the solution and 17β-estradiol immobilized on the electrode surface for the limited binding sites on the antibody produced an increase in the electrode response with hydroquinone as the marker. The binding affinity of three antigens including 17β-estradiol to the estradiol antibody was evaluated. Furthermore, the result obtained from this method was compared with the previously reported enzyme binding assay using the biotinylated estradiol and the biotin-immobilized microtiter plate.