Biphenylenes. Part 32. A new, general synthesis of mono- and poly-benzobiphenylenes from substituted benzocyclobutene-1,2-diones and ortho-bis(cyanomethyl)arenes

Abstract

Thirteen examples (including eight novel ring systems) are described of a new, general synthesis of polycyclic biphenylenes from substituted benzocyclobutene-1,2-diones and ortho-bis (cyanomethyl) arenes (benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene). Some related condensations are described together with studies on the hydrolysis and decarboxylation of some of the di- and tetra-carbonitriles.