The intermediate σ-complexes on the reaction pathway in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 1-ethoxy-2,4-dinitronaphthalene (1) and 2,4,6-trinitroanisole (5) with n-butylamine have been observed and characterized by high-resolution flow n.m.r. spectroscopy at low temperatures, and their u.v.–visible spectra assigned.
C. A. Fyfe, A. Koll, S. W. H. Damji, C. D. Malkiewich and P. A. Forte, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 335 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000335
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