Platinum(ii) complexes of benzannulated N∧N−∧O-amido ligands: bright orange phosphors with long-lived excited states

Abstract

The synthesis, structural characterization and photophysical properties of a series of platinum(II) complexes of benzannulated pincer-type diarylamido ligands are described. The ligands all contain tricyclic phenanthridine (3,4-benzoquinoline) rings as donor arms, which were elaborated into N^∧N^−∧O-coordinating β-enaminoketonato chelates via partial condensation with acetylacetone. The proligands are easily deprotonated, and metallation can be achieved under mild conditions using simple Pt(II) salts and Ag₂O as a base. The resulting Pt(II) complexes exhibit strong metal-to-ligand charge-transfer absorptions in the region of ∼450–575 nm and are phosphorescent in solution at room temperature, emitting bright orange light (λ_max ∼ 600 nm) with quantum yields of up to 16% and excited-state lifetimes on the order of ∼20 μs, representing significant improvements to these photophysical properties compared with many previously reported N^∧N^∧O or N^∧N^∧N-ligated systems. Computational modelling reveals that the lowest-lying triplet state is populated efficiently thanks to strong coupling between singlet and triplet excited state manifolds, as in cyclometallated compounds of Pt(II). Substituents (CH₃, tBu, or CF₃) in the 2-position of the phenanthridinyl unit are found to have little influence on the optical properties, but the emission is severely quenched when a methyl substituent is introduced ortho to the coordinating nitrogen. Molecular distortions in the excited state are shown to be primarily responsible for the quenching in this complex.