A comparison of the characteristics of polyurethane-based sealers including various antimicrobial agents

Abstract

An obturation biomaterial that possess inherent antibacterial activity has been developed to create a tight seal for the root canal space in treatment. Novel castor oil-based polyurethane sealers composited with different proportions of silver phosphate or zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized to investigate the physicochemical properties, antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis, and cytotoxicity on murine fibroblasts compared with commercially available products. The results showed that the physical properties of all of the polyurethane sealers could meet with the standards expected. The microdilatancy character of the polyurethane sealers was particularly preferable for the three dimensional obturation of root canal space. Compared with the silver-loaded polyurethane series, the zinc-loaded polyurethane series showed better antibacterial properties based on the contact mode. Analysis of the kinetics indicated that the setting process of the polyurethane sealers supported a first-order reaction and the setting process was highly effective, with more than 90% of the isocyanate groups participating in the setting reaction within 12 h. This is beneficial for the rapid consumption of monomers, efficiently avoiding inflammation. The in vitro results showed that the polyurethane sealers loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles or 1 wt% silver phosphate were desirable for cell attachment and proliferation compared with the commercial sealers. In conclusion, the castor oil-based polyurethane-zinc sealers, especially PU-Zn5, present good physicochemical and antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility, and could be a promising candidate for application in the field of root canal treatment.