Significant improvement in TiO2 photocatalytic activity through controllable ZrO2 deposition

Abstract

ZrO₂ was deposited on anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles using 5–80 cycles of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The photocatalytic activity of all samples was evaluated based on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under UV light. The TiO₂ sample with 45 cycles of ZrO₂ deposition (45c-Zr/TiO₂, 1.1 wt% ZrO₂) was proved to be the most efficient catalyst with a degradation kinetic constant 10 times larger than that of the pure TiO₂ sample. All samples were characterized using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra analysis (UV-DRS), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The high photocatalytic activity of 45c-Zr/TiO₂ can be attributed to stronger adsorption in the ultraviolet region and a reduction in the recombination rate of electron/hole pairs.