A silver nanoislands on silica spheres platform: enriching trace amounts of analytes for ultrasensitive and reproducible SERS detection

Abstract

The performance of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detecting trace amounts of analytes depends highly on the enrichment of the diluted analytes into a small region that can be detected. A super-hydrophobic delivery (SHD) process is an excellent process to enrich even femtomolar analytes for SERS detection. However, it is still challenging to easily fabricate a low detection limit, high sensitivity and reproducible SHD-SERS substrate. In this article, we present a cost-effective and fewer-step method to fabricate a SHD-SERS substrate, named the “silver nanoislands on silica spheres” (SNOSS) platform. It is easily prepared via the thermal evaporation of silver onto a layer of super-hydrophobic paint, which contains single-scale surface-fluorinated silica spheres. The SNOSS platform performs reproducible detection, which brings the relative standard deviation down to 8.85% and 5.63% for detecting 10⁻⁸ M R6G in one spot and spot-to-spot set-ups, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.9773 for R6G. The SNOSS platform can be applied to the quantitative detection of analytes whose concentrations range from sub-micromolar to femtomolar levels.