Issue 8, 2017

Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells

Abstract

Tyrosol (Tyr) is a phenolic compound found in virgin olive oil. After ingestion, Tyr undergoes extensive first pass intestinal/hepatic metabolism. However, knowledge about the biological effects of Tyr metabolites is scarce. We chemically synthesized Tyr glucuronate (Tyr-GLU) and sulphate (Tyr-SUL) metabolites and explored their properties against oxidative stress and inflammation in TNF-α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hECs). Tyr and Tyr-SUL prevented the rise of reactive oxygen species, the depletion of glutathione, and the down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and heme oxygenase-1 genes. Tyr-SUL and to a lower extent Tyr and Tyr-GLU prevented the phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling proteins. Tyr-GLU and Tyr-SUL also prevented the over-expression of adhesion molecules at gene, protein, and secretory levels, and the adhesion (Tyr-SUL > Tyr-GLU) of human monocytes to hECs. In vivo, Tyr, and most notably Tyr-SUL in a dose-dependent manner, ameliorated plantar and ear edemas in mice models of acute and chronic inflammation. This study demonstrates the antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties of Tyr metabolites, with Tyr-SUL being the most effective.

Graphical abstract: Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
28 Apr 2017
Accepted
03 Jul 2017
First published
04 Jul 2017

Food Funct., 2017,8, 2905-2914

Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells

F. J. G. Muriana, S. Montserrat-de la Paz, R. Lucas, B. Bermudez, S. Jaramillo, J. C. Morales, R. Abia and S. Lopez, Food Funct., 2017, 8, 2905 DOI: 10.1039/C7FO00641A

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