Combined aggregation induced emission (AIE), photochromism and photoresponsive wettability in simple dichloro-substituted triphenylethylene derivatives

Abstract

A dichloro-substituted triphenylethylene derivative (TrPECl₂) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), photochromism and photoresponsive wettability has been synthesized. The new compound shows fast-response photochromic behaviour with good ON/OFF repeatability by utilizing a proposed stilbene-type intramolecular photocyclization in the solid state. Compared with the more usual diphenylethylene derivatives, the photochromic properties of the triphenylethylene derivative are much more striking and easier to achieve. The triphenylethylene derivative also displays AIE properties leading to strong fluorescence in the solid state. Therefore, both the ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence emission are drastically changed during the photochromic processes. Furthermore, the morphology of the TrPECl₂ microcrystalline surface could be controlled by irradiation. The wettability of the surface could be drastically decreased with contact angles of a water droplet changing from 73° to 118°. The triphenylethylene derivative with a simple molecular structure is, therefore, attractive for multifunctional materials.