Heterogeneous recyclable nano-CeO2 catalyst: efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of novel fused triazolo and tetrazolo pyrimidine derivatives in aqueous medium

Abstract

A ceria nano catalyst was used for the one-pot, multi-component condensation reaction of benzoylacetonitrile, aromatic aldehydes and 5-aminotriazole/5-aminotetrazole, and proceeds via C–C and C–N bond formation to deliver the desired triazolo/tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. This protocol provides cleaner conversion with high selectivity and shorter reaction times. The CeO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method and characterized using XRD, TEM, and XPS techniques.