5-Aryl-2-(naphtha-1-yl)sulfonamido-thiazol-4(5H)-ones as clathrin inhibitors

Abstract

The development of a (Z)-5-((6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (2), rhodanine-based lead that led to the Pitstop® 2 family of clathrin inhibitors is described herein. Head group substitution and bioisosteric replacement of the rhodanine core with a 2-aminothiazol-4(5H)-one scaffold eliminated off target dynamin activity. A series of N-substituents gave first phenylglycine (20, IC₅₀ ∼ 20 μM) then phenyl (25, IC₅₀ ∼ 7.1 μM) and 1-napthyl sulfonamide (26, Pitstop® 2 compound, IC₅₀ ∼ 1.9 μM) analogues with good activity, validating this approach. A final library exploring the head group resulted in three analogues displaying either slight improvements or comparable activity (33, 38, and 29 with IC₅₀ ∼ 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 μM respectively) and nine others with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. These results were rationalized using in silico docking studies. Docking studies predicted enhanced Pitstop® 2 family binding, not a loss of binding, within the Pistop® groove of the reported clathrin mutant invalidating recent assumptions of poor selectivity for this family of clathrin inhibitors.