Nitrogen-doped open pore channeled graphene facilitating electrochemical performance of TiO2 nanoparticles as an anode material for sodium ion batteries

Abstract

We report that titanium dioxide nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped open pore channeled graphene exhibit high performance as anode materials for sodium ion batteries with a high reversible capacity of 405 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 50 mA g⁻¹, excellent cycle stability with a capacity of 250 mA h g⁻¹ over 100 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹, and superior rate capability. Also, it shows that high electrochemical performance is attributed to the facilitated ion diffusion by their open pore channels, in addition to the promoted electron transfer in electrochemical reactions by nitrogen-doping.