Chitosan supported ionic liquid: a recyclable wet and dry catalyst for the direct conversion of aldehydes into nitriles and amides under mild conditions

Abstract

A green and highly efficient chitosan supported magnetic ionic liquid (CSMIL) was synthesized with chitosan (the most abundant biopolymer in nature and a cheap industrial waste product), methyl imidazole and anhydrous/hydrous FeCl₃. The heterogeneous catalyst thus obtained was used for the direct conversion of aldehydes to the corresponding nitriles in the presence of NH₂OH·HCl/dry-CSMIL/MeSO₂Cl and amides with NH₂OH·HCl/wet-CSMIL/MeSO₂Cl. A highlight of our approach is the easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction medium and thus the recyclability of the catalyst. This simple method can be applied to obtain a wide range of aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitriles and amides.