Photocatalytic mineralisation of herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid: enhanced performance by triple junction Cu–TiO2–Cu2O and the underlying reaction mechanism

Abstract

A mild and facile photodeposition method was used to fabricate novel Cu–TiO₂–Cu₂O composite photocatalysts. Due to the in situ rectifying charge carrier separation and enhanced conductivity, the composites present superior photocatalytic activity, leading to more than 90% mineralisation of the toxic 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide. This result was confirmed by both TOC and UV-vis absorption measurements. The effect of active radicals on the photodegradation of the herbicide was further investigated in order to clarify the underlying mechanism, based on which a hole-dominated photooxidation mechanism was proposed. These results not only offer a green and economical method for constructing triple junction photocatalyst materials, but also shed new insight on the rational design of a low cost and high-efficiency photocatalyst for environmental remediation.