Reviving rechargeable lithium metal batteries: enabling next-generation high-energy and high-power cells

Aruna Zhamu; Guorong Chen; Chenguang Liu; David Neff; Qing Fang; Zhenning Yu; Wei Xiong; Yanbo Wang; Xiqing Wang; Bor Z. Jang

doi:10.1039/C2EE02911A

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Energy & Environmental Science

Issue 2, 2012

A journal linking all aspects of the chemical, physical and biotechnological sciences relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science.

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Reviving rechargeable lithium metal batteries: enabling next-generation high-energy and high-power cells

Aruna Zhamu,^a^b Guorong Chen,^a Chenguang Liu,*^a David Neff,^a Qing Fang,^a Zhenning Yu,^b Wei Xiong,^b Yanbo Wang,^b Xiqing Wang^a and Bor Z. Jang*^a

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Corresponding authors

Nanotek Instruments, Inc., 1240 McCook Ave., Dayton, USA
E-mail: Bor.Jang@NanotekInstruments.com

Angstron Materials, Inc., 1240 McCook Ave., Dayton, USA

Energy Environ. Sci., 2012,5, 5701-5707

DOI: 10.1039/C2EE02911A
Received 15 Oct 2011, Accepted 24 Nov 2011
First published online 12 Dec 2011

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Herein reported is a fundamentally new strategy for reviving rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries and enabling the emergence of next-generation safe batteries featuring a graphene-supported Li metal anode, including the highly promising Li–sulfur, Li–air, and Li–graphene cells with exceptionally high energy or power densities. All the Li metal anode-based batteries suffer from a high propensity to form Li dendrites (tree-like structures) at the anode upon repeated discharges/charges. A dendrite could eventually penetrate through the separator to reach the cathode, causing internal short-circuiting and even explosion, the main reason for the battery industry to abandon rechargeable lithium metal batteries in the early 1990s. By implementing graphene sheets to increase the anode surface areas, one can significantly reduce the anode current density, thereby dramatically prolonging the dendrite initiation time and decreasing the growth rate of a dendrite, if ever initiated, possibly by a factor of up to 10¹⁰ and 10⁵, respectively.

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