Reverse-micelle forming amphiphilic homopolymers with carboxylic acid and quaternary amine substituents are used to selectively enrich biomarker peptides and protein fragments from human serum prior to matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis. After depletion of human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), low abundance peptide biomarkers can be selectively enriched and detected by MALDI-MS at clinically relevant concentrations by using the appropriate homopolymer(s) and extraction pH value(s). Three breast cancer peptide biomarkers, bradykinin, C4a, and ITIH₄, were chosen to test this new approach, and detection limits of 0.5 ng mL⁻¹, 0.08 ng mL⁻¹, and 0.2 ng mL⁻¹, respectively, were obtained. In addition, the amphiphilic homopolymers were used to detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) at concentrations as low as 0.5 ng mL⁻¹ by targeting a surrogate peptide fragment of this protein biomarker. Selective enrichment and sensitive MS detection of low abundance peptide/protein biomarkers by these polymeric reverse micelles should be a sensitive and straightforward approach for biomarker screening in human serum.