Mechanism and dynamics of intramolecular triplet state decay of 1-propyl-4-thiouracil and its α-methyl-substituted derivatives studied in perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

Abstract

The absorption, phosphorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra, phosphorescence quantum yields, and T₁ excited state lifetimes of four 4-thiouracil derivatives were measured for the first time in chemically inert and very weakly interacting perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane at room temperature. The set of the 4-thiouracil derivatives comprises 1-propyl-4-thiouracil (PTU) and the related compounds having a methyl substituent at the position α to the thiocarbonyl group, namely 1-propyl-4-thiothymine (PTT), 1,3-dimethyl-4-thiouracil (DMTU), and 1-methyl-3-trideuteriomethyl-4-thiouracil ([D₃]DMTU). Quantitative information on the intramolecular decay of the T₁ excited state of the four 4-thiouracil derivatives is presented, and the mechanism and dynamics of this process are discussed. In the absence of self quenching and solvent induced deactivation, the T₁ decay of the four 4-thiouracil derivatives was dominated by intramolecular nonradiative processes (NR). The values of the rate constant k_NR in DMTU and [D₃]DMTU are about 4 times larger than that in PTT and about 3 times larger than that in PTU. The reasons for the enhanced nonradiative rate constant in DMTU are discussed. It is concluded that the faster rate of the nonradiative processes in DMTU is related to a larger contribution from mixing of the T₂ (nπ*) state into the lowest energy T₁ (ππ*) state, as compared to the analogous coupling in PTU and PTT. This conclusion is supported by ab initio calculations performed at the EOM-CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The energy spacing between the T₂ (nπ*) and T₁ (ππ*) states is estimated to be about 500, 1100, and 2000 cm⁻¹ for DMTU, PTU, and PTT, respectively. Among the three compounds in question, the predicted energy spacing is thus the smallest for DMTU.